Netty 集成google ProtoBuf 开发私有协议 之实战开发
虾米哥
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2021-03-31 12:53:41
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本文基于Netty 集成google ProtoBuf 开发私有协议,进行实战功能开发
本文参考借鉴:https://blog.csdn.net/kunfeisang5551/article/details/107957256
第一步：新建自定义协议文本对象User.proto
syntax = "proto3";
//生成的包名，此处根据实际来修改
option java_package = "com.netty.protobuf";
//类名
option java_outer_classname="UserInfo";
message UserMsg{
int32 id=1;
string name=2;
int32 age=3;
int32 state=4;
}
第二步：Java 项目集成Google ProtoBuf 功能添加如下jar 包依赖
<dependencies>
<!-- netty 依赖包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.42.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ProtoBuf 自定义协议包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
<artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
<version>3.11.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>第三步:新建Netty 服务端程序启动入口及其消息处理器(Handler)
服务端代码:EchoServer.java
package com.netty.server.two;
import com.netty.protobuf.UserInfo;
import com.netty.server.two.handler.EchoServerHandler;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
public class EchoServer {
private int port=8081;
private void run() {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
//创建ServerBootstrap对象，它是Netty用于启动NIO服务端的辅助启动类，目的是降低服务端的开发复杂度。
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
bootstrap
//调用ServerBootstrap的group方法，将两个NIO线程组当作入参传递到ServerBootstrap中。
.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
//接着设置创建的Channel为NioServerSocketChannel,它的功能对应于JDK NIO类库中的ServerSocketChannel类。
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
//最后绑定I/O事件的处理类ChannelInitializer，它的作用类似于Reactor模式中的Handler类，
//主要用于处理网络I/O事件，例如记录日志、对消息进行编解码等。
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
socketChannel.pipeline()
//创建消息解码器，获取消息长度
.addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder())
//指定消息类型
.addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(UserInfo.UserMsg.getDefaultInstance()))
//消息头置长度
.addLast(new ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender())
//创建消息编码器
.addLast(new ProtobufEncoder())
//消息的处理
.addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
}
});
//服务端启动辅助类配置完成之后，调用它的bind 方法绑定监听端口，
//随后，调用它的同步阻塞方法sync等待绑定操作完成。
//完成之后Netty会返回一个ChannelFuture, 它的功能类似于JDK的java.util.concurrent.Future，主要用于异步操作的通知回调。
//使用f.channel.closeFuture().syncO方法进行阻塞，等待服务端链路关闭之后main函数才退出。
ChannelFuture sync = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
sync.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//调用NIO线程组的shutdownGracefully 进行优雅退出，它会释放跟shutdownGracefully相关联的资源。
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new EchoServer().run();
}
}
服务端消息处理器:EchoServerHandler.java
package com.netty.server.two.handler;
import com.netty.protobuf.UserInfo;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
int count;
//当通道激活时
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("连接的客户端地址:" + ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
super.channelActive(ctx);
}
//当通道读到数据时
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
try {
//拿到解码后的消息
UserInfo.UserMsg userMsg = (UserInfo.UserMsg) msg;
System.out.println("Receive:[" + userMsg.toString() + "],count:[" + (++count) + "]");
UserInfo.UserMsg.Builder builder = userMsg.toBuilder().setState(1);
ctx.writeAndFlush(builder);
} finally {
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
}
}
//当通道异常时
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
第四步:新建Netty 客户端程序启动入口及其消息处理器(Handler)
客户端程序入口:Echoclient.java
package com.netty.client.two;
import com.netty.client.two.handler.EchoClientHandler;
import com.netty.protobuf.UserInfo;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender;
public class Echoclient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int port = 8081;
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
socketChannel.pipeline()
.addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder())
.addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(UserInfo.UserMsg.getDefaultInstance()))
.addLast(new ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender())
.addLast(new ProtobufEncoder())
.addLast(new EchoClientHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture f = b.connect("127.0.0.1", port).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
客户端消息处理器:EchoClientHandler.java
package com.netty.client.two.handler;
import com.netty.protobuf.UserInfo;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
public class EchoClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
int count;
String echo_req = "Hi,zhouchengxi,welcome to netty";
UserInfo.UserMsg.Builder builder = UserInfo.UserMsg.newBuilder();
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
UserInfo.UserMsg fangyan = builder.setId(1).setAge(i).setName("zhouchengxi" + i).build();
ctx.writeAndFlush(fangyan);
}
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
try {
UserInfo.UserMsg userMsg = (UserInfo.UserMsg) msg;
System.out.println("Server:[" + userMsg.toString() + "]count:[" + (++count) + "]");
} finally {
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
}
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
第五步:自定义协议对应Java实体对象
// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler. DO NOT EDIT!
// source: User.proto
package com.netty.protobuf;
public final class UserInfo {
private UserInfo() {}
public static void registerAllExtensions(
com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
}
public static void registerAllExtensions(
com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
registerAllExtensions(
(com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
}
public interface UserMsgOrBuilder extends
// @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:UserMsg)
com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
/**
* <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
* @return The id.
*/
int getId();
/**
* <code>string name = 2;</code>
* @return The name.
*/
java.lang.String getName();
/**
* <code>string name = 2;</code>
* @return The bytes for name.
*/
com.google.protobuf.ByteString
getNameBytes();
/**
* <code>int32 age = 3;</code>
* @return The age.
*/
int getAge();
/**
* <code>int32 state = 4;</code>
* @return The state.
*/
int getState();
}
/**
* Protobuf type {@code UserMsg}
*/
public static final class UserMsg extends
com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:UserMsg)
UserMsgOrBuilder {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
// Use UserMsg.newBuilder() to construct.
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super(builder);
}
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makeExtensionsImmutable();
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return this;
}
/**
* <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
* @return This builder for chaining.
*/
public Builder clearId() {
id_ = 0;
onChanged();
return this;
}
private java.lang.Object name_ = "";
/**
* <code>string name = 2;</code>
* @return The name.
*/
public java.lang.String getName() {
java.lang.Object ref = name_;
if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
(com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
name_ = s;
return s;
} else {
return (java.lang.String) ref;
}
}
/**
* <code>string name = 2;</code>
* @return The bytes for name.
*/
public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
getNameBytes() {
java.lang.Object ref = name_;
if (ref instanceof String) {
com.google.protobuf.ByteString b =
com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
(java.lang.String) ref);
name_ = b;
return b;
} else {
return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
}
}
/**
* <code>string name = 2;</code>
* @param value The name to set.
* @return This builder for chaining.
*/
public Builder setName(
java.lang.String value) {
if (value == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
name_ = value;
onChanged();
return this;
}
/**
* <code>string name = 2;</code>
* @return This builder for chaining.
*/
public Builder clearName() {
name_ = getDefaultInstance().getName();
onChanged();
return this;
}
/**
* <code>string name = 2;</code>
* @param value The bytes for name to set.
* @return This builder for chaining.
*/
public Builder setNameBytes(
com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
if (value == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
name_ = value;
onChanged();
return this;
}
private int age_ ;
/**
* <code>int32 age = 3;</code>
* @return The age.
*/
@java.lang.Override
public int getAge() {
return age_;
}
/**
* <code>int32 age = 3;</code>
* @param value The age to set.
* @return This builder for chaining.
*/
public Builder setAge(int value) {
age_ = value;
onChanged();
return this;
}
/**
* <code>int32 age = 3;</code>
* @return This builder for chaining.
*/
public Builder clearAge() {
age_ = 0;
onChanged();
return this;
}
private int state_ ;
/**
* <code>int32 state = 4;</code>
* @return The state.
*/
@java.lang.Override
public int getState() {
return state_;
}
/**
* <code>int32 state = 4;</code>
* @param value The state to set.
* @return This builder for chaining.
*/
public Builder setState(int value) {
state_ = value;
onChanged();
return this;
}
/**
* <code>int32 state = 4;</code>
* @return This builder for chaining.
*/
public Builder clearState() {
state_ = 0;
onChanged();
return this;
}
@java.lang.Override
public final Builder setUnknownFields(
final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
}
@java.lang.Override
public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
}
// @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:UserMsg)
}
// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:UserMsg)
private static final com.netty.protobuf.UserInfo.UserMsg DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
static {
DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new com.netty.protobuf.UserInfo.UserMsg();
}
public static com.netty.protobuf.UserInfo.UserMsg getDefaultInstance() {
return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
}
private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<UserMsg>
PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<UserMsg>() {
@java.lang.Override
public UserMsg parsePartialFrom(
com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
return new UserMsg(input, extensionRegistry);
}
};
public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<UserMsg> parser() {
return PARSER;
}
@java.lang.Override
public com.google.protobuf.Parser<UserMsg> getParserForType() {
return PARSER;
}
@java.lang.Override
public com.netty.protobuf.UserInfo.UserMsg getDefaultInstanceForType() {
return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
}
}
private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
internal_static_UserMsg_descriptor;
private static final
com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
internal_static_UserMsg_fieldAccessorTable;
public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
getDescriptor() {
return descriptor;
}
private static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
descriptor;
static {
java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
"\n\nUser.proto\"?\n\007UserMsg\022\n\n\002id\030\001 \001(\005\022\014\n\004n" +
"ame\030\002 \001(\t\022\013\n\003age\030\003 \001(\005\022\r\n\005state\030\004 \001(\005B\036\n" +
"\022com.netty.protobufB\010UserInfob\006proto3"
};
descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
.internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
});
internal_static_UserMsg_descriptor =
getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
internal_static_UserMsg_fieldAccessorTable = new
com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
internal_static_UserMsg_descriptor,
new java.lang.String[] { "Id", "Name", "Age", "State", });
}
// @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
}
效果截图:
服务端:
客户端:
补充：针对自定义协议实体对象。
Java 代码示例：
// 按照定义的数据结构，创建一个对象
UserInfo.UserMsg.Builder userInfo = UserInfo.UserMsg.newBuilder();
userInfo.setId(1);
userInfo.setName("zhouchenxi");
userInfo.setAge(2);
UserInfo.UserMsg userMsg = userInfo.build();
// 将数据写到输出流
ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
userMsg.writeTo(output);
// 将数据序列化后发送
byte[] byteArray = output.toByteArray();
// 接收到流并读取
ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArray);
// 反序列化
UserInfo.UserMsg userInfo2 = UserInfo.UserMsg.parseFrom(input);
System.out.println("id:" + userInfo2.getId());
System.out.println("name:" + userInfo2.getName());
System.out.println("age:" + userInfo2.getAge());
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